Practical and Project Work
There will be internal examination of 30 marks on computer science for the session 2021-2022. 15 marks have been allotted for practical work and 15 marks for project work.
Practical Work :
Practical will done in different models from chapter 2 and 4.15 marks have been allotted for practical work.There will be internal assessment of practical work at school level.
Project Work :
Teachers are exected to have at least three project from the pre-scribed list compulsority prepared by the students. The Teacher’s may also asked students preparing project on some other topics not included in the prescribed list. There will be internal examination of project work at school level.
(1) Communication media
(2) Network
(3) Internet (e-mail-id, web site…….etc)
(4) Linux (C.L.l.) ( mure, cat, mkdir, ect)
(5) Linux office – star cal, star impress, star writer
(6) Linux (G.U.I.) interface
(7) Logic gates
(8) C programming (Array)
(9) String Manupulation
(10) Function
Project-1
(Communication Media)
The wires, cables and other means by which data travels from its source to its destination are collectively called ”Communication media”.
Communication media can be categorised into two basic categories :
(1) Wired media
(2) Wireless media
(1) Wired media :
The medium to connect computer together in which any type of wires each use are called ” Wired communication media”. According to transmission speed, practical transmission distance and noise tolerance, there are basically three common wired communication media is used:
(1) Twisted-Pair Cable :
One of most inexpensive and commonly used forms of wiring is twisted pair cable. Twisted pair wire normally consists of four aur 8 copper strands of wires, individually insulated in plastic. These wires are twisted around each other in braided pairs and bound together in another layer of plastic insulation. Twisted pair wire was once considered a low speed media, but networks based on twisted pair wires now support communication speeds up to 1000 MB per second (Mbps).
(2) Coaxial cable :
In coxial cable there are two conductors. One is a single wire in the centre of the cable called centre core and the other is a wire mesh shield that surrounds the first wire with an insulator in between. This entire system is covered inside and insulators shielding. These cables are also called Coax, because the conductors are run on a common axis. Coxial cables can carry more data than older type of twisted pair wiring and it is less subscriptable to interference from other wiring. It also more expensive and has become less popular as twisted-pair technology has improved. Its practical transmission distance is about 200 – 500 m and transmission speed measures between 10 and 100 mbps.
(3) Fibre optic cable :
A fibre optic cable has thin strand of glass in the centre of the cable. This thin strand of Glass is like a pipe with diameter as a small 0.25 mm, made of flexible fiber glass reflecting from the inside. This thing strand is encased inside poly wool and plastic shielding and also a metallic shielding to in force its strength. Fibre optic cables transmit pulsating beams of light in streets of electric frequencies. Data is sent and received as light signals. Fibre optic cable can carry data at a much higher speed, because light travels at a much higher frequency than electrical signals. Its speed are rates from 100 mbps to 2 per second.
(2) Wireless media :
The medium to connect computer together in which no wires are cables are used and the communication takes place using waves travelling in the air are called “wireless transmission media” The main advantage of wireless communication is that there is no need of wires to connect the nodes together. Thus, no particular topology is required and the physical layout off the notes becomes flexible. A node sends data using wireless signals. Waves sent through air carry the data which is received by another node. Wireless transmission is also a suitable method for broadcasting where is signal or data is sent for many receivers. Wireless communication can be divided into three basic categories are as following :
(a) Microwaves :
microwave communication sends electromagnetic signals through the air in much the same way that radio are TV broadcast do, except at much higher frequencies. It provide high speed transmissions up to 45 mbps. It may be affected by the sun are the magnetic storms. There are two ways of using microwaves for data communication : Terrestrial and satellite.
(b) Infrared Links :
this type of communication is commonly used in TV and VCR remote controls. The common problems with infrared communication is that both devices must be in a line of sight. Inferred frequencies of electromagnetic radiation we have almost as visible light.
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(3) Radio Waves :
Radio frequency link scan function even through the line of sight is interrupted. Portable telephones use radio frequencies, but at different wavelengths so that they do not interfere with other radio waves. This form of communication between computer is not as common because of the high cost and possible interference from other source of electromagnetic radiation.
Coclusion :
This project provides up to knowledge about data communication and various media types used for communication.
Viva-Voce Question
(1)How many types of communication?
Ans. Communication is of two types : Broadcasting and Networking.
(2) Which are the components of computer network?
Ans. There are four basic components of computer network : network operation system, network peripherals, network interface caved and network cabling.
(3) What are aspects of the performance of wired media?
Ans. There are three aspects of the performance of Wired media : transmission speed, practical transmission distance and noise tolerance.
(4) What is noise tolerance?
Ans. Capability of a wire to handle noise is called noise tolerance.
(5) How many types of devices are used to connect the networks together?
Ans. There are four prime devices used to connect the networks together or the manage them : repeaters, bridges, routers and gateways.
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